Selected aspects of modern seismic imaging and near-surface velocity model building in the area of Carpathian fold and thrust belt

Despite the increasing technological level of reflection seismic method, imaging fold and thrust belts remains a demanding task, usually leaves some questions regarding dips, shape subthrust structures or most correct approach to velocity model building. There is no straightforward method that can provide structural representation near-surface geological boundaries their velocities. The in-terpretation refracted waves frequently only available technique may be used for this purpose, although one must aware its limitations which appear in complex settings. In presented study, analysis values obtained shallow part Carpathian orogenic wedge by means various geophysical methods was carried out. It revealed lack consistency between results 3D refraction tomography both sonic log uphole For reason, instead indus-try-standard utilization tomography, novel, geologically-consistent building pro-posed. part, velocities are assigned formations, documented surface geologic map. Interpreted time-domain horizons, supplemented main thrusts, make field fully-compatible with litho-stratigraphic units Carpathians. author demonstrates retrospective overview data area Polish discusses recent global innovations methodology key successful hydrocarbon exploration regions.